Pneumothorax — the presence of air in the pleural cavity, between do lung and chest wall. Pneumothorax can be spon without previous traumatic or other obvious causes, and traumatic called direct or mediated chest injury. A subspecies of traumatic pneumothorax is iatrogenic pneumothorax, which occurs as an unintended or not avoidable consequence of diagnostic or therapeutic implications the chances. Spontaneous pneumothorax in turn divided into primary and secondary. Primary occur in previously healthy individuals, while secondary ones are a complication of an existing lung disease, most often of a chronic obstructive nature.
PRIMARY SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTORAX Frequency
Probably the most complete data on the frequency of spontaneous foot pneumothorax was obtained by examination of all residents of the Okrug- Olmsted , pcs. Minnesota. Between 1959 and 1978 , 77 cases of primary pneumothorax were recorded in this district, with a population of about 60,000 . For men, the figure was 7.4 / 100,000, and for women -1.2 / 100,000 per year. If this data is extrapolated to the entire US population (approx. mately 200 million people), it can be assumed that the Numbers new cases of primary spontaneous pneumothorax Wit 8600 per year.
Etiological factors
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs as a result of rupture of subpleural emphysematous bullae, usually lodged in apical departments of a lung . Gobbel et al performed 31 operations for primary spontaneous pneumothorax, and in all patients subpleural bullae It should be noted that a careful study of X-rays A snapshot of the chest allows you to notice the presence of such small subpleural bubbles . Their pathogenesis is not clear, it is either congenital anomalies, or the result is inflamed body process in the bronchioles or collateral ventilation disorders .
Patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax are usually taller and with less body weight than controls. Noah group. Withers et al . examined army recruits with pneumothorax and found that patients with pneumatic the motorax was 2 inches (5 cm) taller and had a body weight of 25 pounds (11.3 kg) less than the average drafti. By how much is the intrapleural pressure gradient between the base by the height and tip of the lung in high-growthindividuals , the alveoli of the apical regions of the lungs in such people experience, on average, greater distension. Through some ne Over time, this can lead to the formation of subpleural vesicles in genetically predisposed high subjects . ray. In the literature there are several reports of family services. teas pneumothorax. In one of them are evidence that individuals with HLA-haplotype A2V40 have great wives podver the development of pneumothorax .In several reports there is information that smokers are also more likely to develop primary spontaneous pneumothorax : 368 (92%) of 402 patients examined with primary spontaneous Pneumothorax was smoked or smoked in the past.